Preprint Open access
Spin Chain with Continuous Exponential Symmetry: Topological Phase and Beyond
We study symmetric gapped ground states of one-dimensional spin $S$ chains with a continuous exponential symmetry $U(1)\rtimes\mathbb Z_2$ with integer base $q$, where the U(1) charge has a modulated unit of charge $q^{L-j}$ decaying exponentially with site $j$. The simplest model is a quantum breakdown model that can …