Preprint Open access
Large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly operate in multi-agent systems (MAS) characterised by strategic interaction. However, little is known about whether, and to what extent, different types of messages affect the outcomes of strategic games. By investigating AI agents based on four popular LLMs, playing …
Preprint Open access
The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act requires all Member States to establish AI Regulatory Sandboxes (AIRS) by August 2027: supervised environments bringing together national Competent Authorities, technical experts, and the organisations under assessment. When AIRS engagements include structured technical testing, run …
Preprint Open access
The rapid, unpredictable advancements in AI system capabilities has seen regulators take adaptive and experimental approaches to policymaking. Established in other domains as instruments balancing regulation with innovation, regulatory sandboxes are seen as solutions for AI regulation. However, analyses mostly focus on …