A 55-year-old man presented with swelling of left knee for the past one month. He also complained of episodes of joint locking. There was no history of pain, fever or trauma. Physical examination revealed localized increase in temperature of the skin, a large joint effusion, and decreased range of motion. His total leu …
The etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unknown, evidence exists for the involvement of mycobacterial antigen. This study is aimed to determine the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on clinical course of SLE patients and the role of ROS and TNF-α in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis asso …
Distinguishing sarcoidosis from pulmonary tuberculosis can sometimes be a great challenge to physicians, especially in developing countries where there is high prevalence of tuberculosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are granulomatous diseases, however, tuberculosis has a caseating granuloma as opposed to sarcoido …
A 61 years old woman with type II diabetes mellitus presented with fever, dysuria, reduced urine output and right flank pain since 5 days, not responding to treatment. There was no history of obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, or trauma. On examination, there was tenderness in the right flank. Laborat …