Research article Open access
Efficacy of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch and 2% Lidocaine in Reducing the Pain of Propofol Injection: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Objectives: Propofol administration is associated with pain, mediated by the activation of vascular endothelium. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) inhibits endothelial membrane activation by various nociceptive substances. Thus, this study hypothesised that pre-administration of HES can reduce pain on propofol administration. …