Authors

Zefan Cai

Publications 1

Preprint Open access

Universal Test-Time Training

Zefan Cai, Qinzhe Hu, Ziqiao Ma et al. · 2026

Recent Test-Time Training (TTT) architectures compress context into fast weights that are updated online and queried as memory. Existing TTT designs keep this memory private to each layer: it recurs only over time, and depth merely indexes L separate memories. We argue that memory ownership need not be tied to depth, a …

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