The information bottleneck (IB) seeks a representation $U$ of a source $X$ that retains as much information as possible about a target $Y$, subject to a constraint on $I(U;X)$. A classical argument shows that it suffices to consider representations with at most $|\mathcal{X}|+1$ symbols, and this bound is known to be t …
Language-model agents increasingly rely on persistent natural-language skills to adapt beyond their frozen model parameters. When a shared skill is repeatedly revised from a non-stationary, heterogeneous task stream, however, improvements for new tasks can overwrite procedures needed for earlier ones. In continual lear …
Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated promising capabilities as in-context policy optimizers for Reinforcement Learning (RL), enabling policy search driven by both numerical reward signals and natural language reasoning. However, deploying such methods in practice requires transmitting raw policy para …
BACKGROUND: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence following cancer diagnosis on survival outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) with cancer remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study among PLWH with cancer from a major infectious disease hospital in Shanghai, China. Cox proportion …
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To evaluate the perioperative outcomes of hybrid multi-arm robotic-assisted uniportal thoracoscopic surgery (H-URATS) using a laparoscopic stapling device, assess the safety and feasibility of the procedure, and summarize the surgical experience. METHODS: The Department of Thoracic Surgery at Xinji …
BACKGROUND: This study retrospectively analyzed the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) results and clinical data from patients with liver abscess (LA) to investigate the clinical value of mNGS in the diagnosis of LA. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients with LA who were admitted …
Accurately estimating particulate organic nitrate under high NO x and oxidizing conditions is critical. This study compared the NO x + ratio, unconstrained Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and Multilinear Engine-2 (ME2) methods to estimate particulate organic nitrate in Shanghai across different seasons. The factor …
Abstract Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a hazardous secondary pollutant and a nitrogen reservoir in the troposphere, while comprehensive studies on its spatiotemporal distribution, chemical sources, and control strategies are limited. This study addressed these issues based on 1-year multi-site observations in the Pearl …
A zero-valent iron/rectorite nanocomposite (NZVI/rectorite) was developed as a heterogeneous H2O2 catalyst for P-chlorophenol degradation. The physicochemical properties of NZVI/rectorite were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy …