Authors

Ferdy Iskandar

Publications 1

Review article Open access

The efficacy and safety of bleomycin injection as the primary management of orbital venolymphatic malformations: A systematic review

Ferdy Iskandar, Mutmainah Mahyuddin, Neni Anggraini · Oman Journal of Ophthalmology · 2025 · 10.4103/ojo.ojo_111_24

Orbital venolymphatic malformation (OVLM) consists of abnormal vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with venous and lymphatic components. OVLM tends to re-grow after treatment, with a recurrence rate of 71.4% after surgery. The use of sclerotherapy injection has emerged as a nonsurgical procedure as extensive s …

Co-authors