Abstract
Single-image super-resolution of Sun's photospheric magnetograms enables consistent analysis across heterogeneous space-based instruments and supports long-term studies of solar magnetic field evolution. We address the super-resolution task from SOHO/MDI (low-resolution) to SDO/HMI (high-resolution) line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms using a modified RRDBNet architecture initialized by ESRGAN pretrained weights. Through systematic per-image diagnostic analysis, we identify image complexity as the dominant predictor of reconstruction errors. To exploit this finding, we introduce an adaptive stratified specialist ensemble (SSE) of three specialist networks with uncertainty estimation, where each specialist network is trained by images from three different complexity strata using a weighted random sampling strategy. During inference, a lightweight router based on input image statistics assigns each test image to the appropriate specialist network. Our experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed ensemble and its superiority over closely related methods.
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Publication details
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- Open access
- Green open access
Cite this article
APA 7
Kandalan, S. N., Jiang, H., Wang, J. T. L., & Li, Q. (2026). Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation
MLA 9
Kandalan, Sina Norouzi, et al. "Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation.
Chicago (author–date)
Kandalan, Sina Norouzi, Haodi Jiang, Jason T. L. Wang, and Qin Li. 2026. "Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation.
Harvard
Kandalan, S. N., Jiang, H., Wang, J. T. L. and Li, Q. (2026) 'Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation.
Vancouver
Kandalan SN, Jiang H, Wang JTL, Li Q. Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation
IEEE
S. N. Kandalan, H. Jiang, J. T. L. Wang, and Q. Li, "Super-Resolution of Solar Magnetograms via Adaptive Stratified Ensemble Learning with Uncertainty Estimation," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/super-resolution-of-solar-magnetograms-via-adaptive-stratified-ensemble-learning-with-uncertainty-estimation.