Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are characterised by atypical manifestations of opportunistic pathogens. These occur in patients experiencing improvement in CD4 cell counts following receipt of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Although well established as a syndrome, IRIS still presents challenges in diagnosis and management. We report five cases of IRIS with diverse clinical presentations and due to different infectious aetiologies. A review of the published literature on this syndrome is also included.
Publication details
- DOI
- 10.18295/2075-0528.1244
- Journal
- Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 11(1), 95-103
- Publisher
- Sultan Qaboos University
- Open access
- Gold open access
- License
- CC BY-ND 4.0
Cite this article
APA 7
Balkhair, A., Ahamed, S., & Dilip (2025). Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 11(1), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.18295/2075-0528.1244
MLA 9
Balkhair, Abdullah, et al. "Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, 2025, pp. 95-103. https://doi.org/10.18295/2075-0528.1244.
Chicago (author–date)
Balkhair, Abdullah, Sudheer Ahamed, and Dilip. 2025. "Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 11 (1): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.18295/2075-0528.1244.
Harvard
Balkhair, A., Ahamed, S. and Dilip (2025) 'Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature', Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 11(1), pp. 95-103. doi:10.18295/2075-0528.1244.
Vancouver
Balkhair A, Ahamed S, Dilip. Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2025;11(1):95-103. doi:10.18295/2075-0528.1244
IEEE
A. Balkhair, S. Ahamed, and Dilip, "Unmasking Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): A report of five cases and review of the literature," Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 95-103, 2025, doi: 10.18295/2075-0528.1244.