Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacking ER, PR, and HER2 expression, often associated with poor prognosis, early relapse, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Due to the limited availability of targeted therapies, natural products have gained attention for their structural diversity and potential anticancer activity. In this study, the methanolic extract of Alpinia officinarum (AO), a plant rich in bioactive compounds, was evaluated for its therapeutic potential in TNBC. The study combined in vitro experiments with in silico network pharmacology analysis. Alpinia officinarum exhibited notable cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 31.1 µg/mL), inducing late-stage apoptosis, ROS reduction, mitochondrial depolarization, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic BAX gene. In silico analysis identified key hub genes—including AKT1, EGFR, and MAPK3—consistently enriched in cancer-related signalling pathways, with EGFR-TKI resistance pathway emerging as a principal axis of Alpinia officinarum’s anti-TNBC activity. Overall, the results suggest that Alpinia officinarum may serve as a promising multi-targeted therapeutic candidate for TNBC. By demonstrating both molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, these results lay the groundwork for the development of more effective and less toxic treatment strategies for TNBC.
Publication details
- DOI
- 10.3390/joma3020021
- Journal
- Journal of the Oman Medical Association, 3(2), 21
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Open access
- Gold open access
- License
- CC BY 4.0
Cite this article
APA 7
Sinnarkar, S., Suryawanshi, P. V., Jadhav, A. D., & Ladke, V. S. (2026). Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of the Oman Medical Association, 3(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joma3020021
MLA 9
Sinnarkar, Shruti, et al. "Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." Journal of the Oman Medical Association, vol. 3, no. 2, 2026, pp. 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joma3020021.
Chicago (author–date)
Sinnarkar, Shruti, Poonam V. Suryawanshi, Amol Dilip Jadhav, and Vaibhav Sunil Ladke. 2026. "Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." Journal of the Oman Medical Association 3 (2): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joma3020021.
Harvard
Sinnarkar, S., Suryawanshi, P. V., Jadhav, A. D. and Ladke, V. S. (2026) 'Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer', Journal of the Oman Medical Association, 3(2), pp. 21. doi:10.3390/joma3020021.
Vancouver
Sinnarkar S, Suryawanshi PV, Jadhav AD, Ladke VS. Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of the Oman Medical Association. 2026;3(2):21. doi:10.3390/joma3020021
IEEE
S. Sinnarkar, P. V. Suryawanshi, A. D. Jadhav, and V. S. Ladke, "Systemic Explanation of Alpinia officinarum’s Analyzed Compounds and Its Anti-Cancer Mechanism Based on In Vitro Analysis and Network Pharmacology in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer," Journal of the Oman Medical Association, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 21, 2026, doi: 10.3390/joma3020021.