System One Models for Wireless Decision-Making:Applications and Performance Evaluation

Abstract

Many wireless control tasks require repeated selection of a single action from a finite feasible set under stringent latency and reliability constraints. While large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as general-purpose decision engines, their autoregressive generation mechanism is not naturally aligned with such bounded control problems. This paper investigates System-One models, which directly learn probability distributions over explicitly defined decision spaces, as a lightweight alternative for wireless decision-making. We formalize their decision structure and learning objective, identify their applicability across physical-layer control, radio resource management, mobility, network slicing, and network operations, and evaluate their practical behavior through representative wireless case studies. Using Jev as a System-One implementation, we benchmark decision quality and client-observed latency against generative LLMs and conventional baselines. In receive-antenna selection, Jev delivers up to an 8.5x reduction in median response latency relative to the evaluated LLMs, although this gain comes with a loss in decision quality compared with stronger task-specific alternatives. More notably, in intent-conditioned RAN slicing, Jev achieves utility comparable to the evaluated LLMs while providing more than a 3.5x reduction in median response latency. Complementary evidence from edge-service orchestration further shows that faster decisions do not necessarily translate into lower end-to-end service latency. These results expose a fundamental quality/latency tradeoff and position System-One models not as replacements for numerical optimization, but as a promising decision interface for latency-sensitive, bounded, and intent-driven wireless control.

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