Stress level and coping strategies among intensive care nurses: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intensive care units (ICUs) are high-stress environments, particularly for nurses, who face numerous stressors that can negatively impact their well-being. This study aimed to examine stress levels and stressors among ICU nurses, investigate their stress coping strategies, and explore the primary stressors in this demanding work environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Employing a cross-sectional design, this study assessed the stress levels of ICU nurses by using the Perceived Stress Scale and their coping strategies through the Brief-COPE scale, from March 15, 2021, to April 14, 2021. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain deeper insights into the main stressors. The study also used critical appraisal tools to ensure quality and rigor. RESULTS: Among 103 participants, moderate stress levels were predominant. The most common coping strategies identified were religious activities, approach coping, humor coping, and avoidant coping. Interviews with three participants revealed two main themes: "It is an overwhelming job" and "Just stay strong." The primary stressors reported were dealing with critically ill patients and nurse shortages, exacerbated by the pandemic crisis. CONCLUSION: ICU nurses experience moderate stress levels, primarily due to the challenges of working with critically ill patients and facing multiple stressors. The study highlights the need for future research to test the effectiveness of stress management programs and to further investigate common stressors among Saudi ICU nurses. Health policymakers are urged to provide more support to nurses through appropriate education, protection, and compensation, aiming to reduce work-related stressors and enhance their overall well-being.

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