Abstract
Simulation-augmented generation (SAGE) is a recent technical proposal in which models simulate individuals' viewpoints at inference time in order to provide more representative answers to contentious user queries. A core challenge for SAGE is making inference-time simulation efficient without sacrificing representation quality. We introduce the first formalization of this problem, based upon an axiom from proportional clustering known as metric proportional justified representation+ (mPJR+) which is the strongest proportionality axiom known to always be satisfiable by centroid-based clustering. We prove that to proportionally represent the viewpoints of a population of $n_H$ humans on a given prompt, we need only create simulations of $n \ll n_H$ individuals, and at inference time, need only dynamically route to $k \ll n$ of those simulations based upon the prompt. This twofold reduction still yields approximate proportional representation guarantees for the entire population. Empirically, across two domains-political questions and personal advice-our proposed routing algorithm achieves higher mPJR+ satisfaction rates than $k$-means-based or random selection baselines.
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Cite this article
APA 7
Kraiczy, S., Milli, S., Berker, R. E., Bose, A., Amos, B., Watson-Daniels, J., Nickel, M., Elkind, E., & Procaccia, A. D. (2026). Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation
MLA 9
Kraiczy, Sonja, et al. "Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation.
Chicago (author–date)
Kraiczy, Sonja, Smitha Milli, Ratip Emin Berker, Avinandan Bose, Brandon Amos, Jamelle Watson-Daniels, Maximilian Nickel, Edith Elkind, and Ariel D. Procaccia. 2026. "Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation.
Harvard
Kraiczy, S., Milli, S., Berker, R. E., Bose, A., Amos, B., Watson-Daniels, J., Nickel, M., Elkind, E. and Procaccia, A. D. (2026) 'Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation.
Vancouver
Kraiczy S, Milli S, Berker RE, Bose A, Amos B, Watson-Daniels J, et al. Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation
IEEE
S. Kraiczy, S. Milli, R. E. Berker, A. Bose, B. Amos, J. Watson-Daniels, M. Nickel, E. Elkind, and A. D. Procaccia, "Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/social-choice-foundations-for-simulation-augmented-generation.