Abstract
Accurate segmentation of thin curvilinear structures is vital for various real-world applications, from vessel analysis to road extraction. Yet their intricate geometry makes even minor pixel-wise errors enough to break the global topology, and this structural fragility turns severe domain shifts into catastrophic failures. The difficulty is most acute under cross-modality gaps, where the imaging process itself differs fundamentally between source and target. While test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a practical source-free remedy, existing methods adapt feature statistics and confidence, neither of which constrains connectivity, and thus degrade under such extreme gaps. To address this, we propose Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation (SGP-TTA). Progressive Batch Normalization (ProgBN) shifts normalization from frozen source statistics toward current target estimates under a sample-count schedule, so that the source-target balance follows the stage of adaptation rather than a fixed coefficient. Consensus Skeleton Recall (CSR) then derives a structural target from geometrically aligned multi-view predictions and updates only the BN affine parameters to preserve connected structures. Extensive experiments show that SGP-TTA consistently outperforms existing TTA methods in topological connectivity, with the largest margins under cross-modality shift. The project page is available at https://boa-jang.github.io/SGP-TTA.
Keywords
Subject
Publication details
- Journal
- Not available
- Open access
- Green open access
Cite this article
APA 7
Jang, B., Lee, J., Lee, G., Choi, J., & Kim, Y. G. (2026). Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures
MLA 9
Jang, Boa, et al. "Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures.
Chicago (author–date)
Jang, Boa, JunGyu Lee, Gwanho Lee, Jinwook Choi, and Young-Gon Kim. 2026. "Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures.
Harvard
Jang, B., Lee, J., Lee, G., Choi, J. and Kim, Y. G. (2026) 'Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures.
Vancouver
Jang B, Lee J, Lee G, Choi J, Kim YG. Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures
IEEE
B. Jang, J. Lee, G. Lee, J. Choi, and Y. G. Kim, "Skeleton-Guided Progressive Test-Time Adaptation for Thin Curvilinear Structures," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/skeleton-guided-progressive-test-time-adaptation-for-thin-curvilinear-structures.