Abstract
Open-vocabulary scene understanding is fundamental for robotics, laying the groundwork for spatial reasoning and object manipulation. While closed-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation heavily leverages 3D shape information, state-of-the-art open-vocabulary methods remain predominantly restricted to 2D image features or image-distilled representations during mask labeling. In this paper, we propose SenseFuse, a label-free fusion method that balances 2D image and 3D shape encoders for robust open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation, refining only the mask-labeling stage of existing pipelines. We reveal that 2D image and 3D shape encoders exhibit largely disjoint failure patterns and rarely share identical wrong labels, whereas two 2D image encoders frequently repeat the same errors. This distinct behavior makes the 2D and 3D pair inherently complementary. We introduce an adaptive mechanism that selects a scene-level fusion weight to maximize a label-free sensitivity measure, estimated directly from a single scene's unlabeled proposals in milliseconds. SenseFuse improves labeling accuracy in every evaluated setting across ScanNet200, Replica, and ScanNet++, recovering 67-100% (median 93%) of the gain achievable with an oracle weight, and it raises instance AP in 21 of 22 reported settings. Code is available at https://github.com/hanes1207/SenseFuse.
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Publication details
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- Open access
- Green open access
Cite this article
APA 7
Han, E., Ton, T., Kim, H., Ryu, S., & Yoo, C. D. (2026). SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation
MLA 9
Han, Euiseok, et al. "SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation.
Chicago (author–date)
Han, Euiseok, Tri Ton, Hwanhee Kim, Seungyeon Ryu, and Chang D. Yoo. 2026. "SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation.
Harvard
Han, E., Ton, T., Kim, H., Ryu, S. and Yoo, C. D. (2026) 'SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation.
Vancouver
Han E, Ton T, Kim H, Ryu S, Yoo CD. SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation
IEEE
E. Han, T. Ton, H. Kim, S. Ryu, and C. D. Yoo, "SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/sensefuse-label-free-fusion-of-image-and-shape-encoders-for-open-vocabulary-3d-instance-segmentation.