Abstract
Audience sizing is a critical component of digital marketing. It enables precise resource allocation, campaign planning, and performance optimization. Traditional approaches using skeleton audiences, sampling, or predictive modeling suffer from significant delays, estimation errors, and poor scalability over high-dimensional profile data. We present REALMS (Real-time Exact Audience sizing via LLM-based Multi-attribute Search), a conversational system for exact audience sizing deployed in production on an enterprise customer data platform. REALMS enables marketers to query massive profile stores with millions of profiles and thousands of attributes using natural language and receive precise counts in seconds. The system introduces three key components: (1) a categorical attribute retrieval mechanism using embedding-based vector search to dynamically identify relevant schema attributes without manual configuration; (2) an LLM-powered NL2SQL pipeline with template-based in-context learning for accurate query generation over complex nested schemas; and (3) schema standardization enabling industry-agnostic deployment across diverse enterprise environments. Evaluation on real enterprise data demonstrates strong recall for attribute retrieval, high SQL execution accuracy, and low latency, which enables real-time interactive audience insights where prior methods required hours.
Keywords
Publication details
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Cite this article
APA 7
Ma, H., Bansal, A., Lohiya, S., & Ranjan, S. (2026). REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles
MLA 9
Ma, Haixu, et al. "REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles.
Chicago (author–date)
Ma, Haixu, Aditya Bansal, Shubham Lohiya, and Sumit Ranjan. 2026. "REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles.
Harvard
Ma, H., Bansal, A., Lohiya, S. and Ranjan, S. (2026) 'REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles.
Vancouver
Ma H, Bansal A, Lohiya S, Ranjan S. REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles
IEEE
H. Ma, A. Bansal, S. Lohiya, and S. Ranjan, "REALMS: An AI-Assistant Conversational System for Real-Time Exact Audience Sizing over High-Dimensional Nested Profiles," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/realms-an-ai-assistant-conversational-system-for-real-time-exact-audience-sizing-over-high-dimensional-nested-profiles.