Abstract
Agent skills, reusable procedural documents that extend LLM agents beyond their parametric memory, have become an important interface for deploying agents on real-world tasks. Community-maintained skill libraries built around this interface are growing rapidly. However, this ecosystem remains deeply English-centric: our audit finds that low-resource languages such as Swahili and Hindi have no in-language skill content, so retrieval often returns a skill written in a different language than the query, degrading accuracy and recall. A practical solution is to synthesize in-language skills for retrieval but the quality can be unreliable, so relevance in this setting alone often surfaces a related but unusable candidate. To address this, we propose M-SQE, a post-retrieval Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation framework that scores candidates via a Theory view for intrinsic quality and an Action view for task-grounded utility, unified into a domain-conditioned final score. We evaluate M-SQE across three skill-use domains: general, tool-use, and cultural tasks. Empirically, we build three-layer candidate skill pools mirroring today's ecosystem, where M-SQE's task success exceeds existing baseline's average by at least +3.5 points across three different retrievers. Particularly, M-SQE lifts the lowest-resource languages most (+12.9pp on Hindi and +5.6pp on Swahili) and achieves strong performance across all six culture regions, thereby moving agentic skill use toward linguistic and cultural equality.
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Cite this article
APA 7
Liu, Y., Tao, S., He, M., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhang, M., Guo, J., Zhang, M., Deng, L., Meng, X., & Wei, D. (2026). M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use
MLA 9
Liu, Yilun, et al. "M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use.
Chicago (author–date)
Liu, Yilun, Shimin Tao, Minggui He, Chenxin Liu, Li Zhang, Chen Liu, Miao Zhang, Jiaxin Guo, Min Zhang, Liqun Deng, Xiaojun Meng, and Daimeng Wei. 2026. "M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use.
Harvard
Liu, Y., Tao, S., He, M., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhang, M., Guo, J., Zhang, M., Deng, L., Meng, X. and Wei, D. (2026) 'M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use.
Vancouver
Liu Y, Tao S, He M, Liu C, Zhang L, Liu C, et al. M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use
IEEE
Y. Liu, S. Tao, M. He, C. Liu, L. Zhang, C. Liu, M. Zhang, J. Guo, M. Zhang, L. Deng, X. Meng, and D. Wei, "M-SQE: Multilingual Skill Quality Estimation for Enhancing Language Equality in Agentic Skill Use," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/m-sqe-multilingual-skill-quality-estimation-for-enhancing-language-equality-in-agentic-skill-use.