Abstract
Probabilistic load forecasting has been widely studied for power-system operation and planning, but customer- and transformer-level forecasting introduces a distinct scalability challenge. At these levels, load uncertainty is strongly affected by customer behavior, weather, and mixed load composition, making it difficult for a single shared model to capture heterogeneous patterns. Using separate probabilistic models can improve local accuracy, but becomes costly to train, store, update, and validate at scale. To address this challenge, we develop a scalable customer-aware forecasting framework that learns common demand behavior through a shared model while adapting only a compact subset of parameters. Rather than using an independent model for each load or assigning each load to a specialized model, the proposed design learns a small bank of low-dimensional adaptation components and allows each load to combine them according to its forecasting characteristics. This preserves shared knowledge across customers while providing sufficient flexibility for heterogeneous and mixed load compositions. Experiments on 590 load profiles from the SMART-DS dataset show consistent improvements in deterministic accuracy and probabilistic quality over statistical, neural-network, Transformer-based, and pretrained time-series baselines, while retaining low storage and inference costs.
Keywords
Publication details
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- Open access
- Green open access
Cite this article
APA 7
Li, H., Cheng, Z., & Weng, Y. (2026). From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations
MLA 9
Li, Haoran, et al. "From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations.
Chicago (author–date)
Li, Haoran, Zhe Cheng, and Yang Weng. 2026. "From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations." https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations.
Harvard
Li, H., Cheng, Z. and Weng, Y. (2026) 'From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations', Available at: https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations.
Vancouver
Li H, Cheng Z, Weng Y. From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations. https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations
IEEE
H. Li, Z. Cheng, and Y. Weng, "From Shared Demand Patterns to Local Uncertainty: Probabilistic Load Forecasting by Mixing Compact Adaptations," https://omanscience.com/en/articles/from-shared-demand-patterns-to-local-uncertainty-probabilistic-load-forecasting-by-mixing-compact-adaptations.