Abstract
Objectives: Gout is a treatable disease. A complication of untreated or poorly-controlled gout is tophi formation. We conducted this study to investigate the associated factors of tophaceous gout among patients who attended 20 primary care clinics in Selangor, an urbanized state in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from July to October 2019 that included all patients with gout who attended the clinics. Data on clinical demographics and laboratory results were collected. Comparison between tophaceous and non-tophaceous groups was performed using descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 421 patients with gout were involved in this study, 83 (19.7%) patients had visible tophi and were categorized into the tophaceous group, while the other 338 (80.3%) patients were categorized into the non-tophaceous group. The majority of patients were male with a mean age of 57.6±12.8 years. Three factors found to be significantly associated with tophaceous gout were age at symptom onset [tophaceous (45.6±13.3 years) vs. non-tophaceous (49.7±13.9 years), p = 0.026], mean disease duration of gout [tophaceous (105.2±92.6 months) vs. non-tophaceous (77.6±88.6 months), p = 0.013], and baseline serum uric acid level [tophaceous (622.3±129.1 µmol/L) vs. non-tophaceous (582.6±102.3 µmol/L), p = 0.021]. Conclusions: Tophaceous gout is associated with longer disease duration, higher baseline serum uric acid level, and younger age at symptoms onset. Hence, early initiation of urate-lowering therapy with a treat-to-target approach is crucial to prevent tophi formation.
Keywords
Publication details
- DOI
- 10.5001/omj.2023.87
- Journal
- Oman Medical Journal
- Publisher
- Oman Medical Specialty Board
- Open access
- Gold open access
Cite this article
APA 7
Gan, S. P., Zain, M. M., Ch’ng, S. S., Hassan, H., Adib, W. F. W., Muzaid, A., Lau, I. S., Yusoof, H., Rosman, A., & Baharuddin, H. (2023). Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia. Oman Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2023.87
MLA 9
Gan, Syang Pyng, et al. "Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia." Oman Medical Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2023.87.
Chicago (author–date)
Gan, Syang Pyng, Mollyza Mohd Zain, Shereen Suyin Ch’ng, Hasliza Hassan, Wan Farzihan Wan Adib, Anizah Muzaid, Ing Soo Lau, Habibah Yusoof, Azmillah Rosman, and Hazlyna Baharuddin. 2023. "Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia." Oman Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2023.87.
Harvard
Gan, S. P., Zain, M. M., Ch’ng, S. S., Hassan, H., Adib, W. F. W., Muzaid, A., Lau, I. S., Yusoof, H., Rosman, A. and Baharuddin, H. (2023) 'Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia', Oman Medical Journal. doi:10.5001/omj.2023.87.
Vancouver
Gan SP, Zain MM, Ch’ng SS, Hassan H, Adib WFW, Muzaid A, et al. Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia. Oman Medical Journal. 2023. doi:10.5001/omj.2023.87
IEEE
S. P. Gan, M. M. Zain, S. S. Ch’ng, H. Hassan, W. F. W. Adib, A. Muzaid, I. S. Lau, H. Yusoof, A. Rosman, and H. Baharuddin, "Associated Factors of Tophaceous Gout: A Study Involving 20 Primary Care Clinics in an Urbanized State in Malaysia," Oman Medical Journal, 2023, doi: 10.5001/omj.2023.87.