Analyzing the Effect of Thermal Change on Test Biomaterials in Chewing Test Experiments

Abstract

The human body has a complex and constantly changing structure. For this reason, materials preferred as biomaterials can be exposed to damage mechanisms in continuous and variable environments over a time band. Evaluation of these damage mechanisms with in vitro, in vivo, and finite element analysis methods will make a great contribution to the service life of the preferred material. For this reason, many researchers have developed various test methods in the literature.[1-5] However, it may not always be possible to model a living structure with all its parameters in a laboratory environment. The scope of this study is to discuss the process of modeling the effective parameters that occur during chewing movements in a laboratory environment. Biomaterials placed in the mouth during chewing movements may be exposed to many effective parameters such as chewing bite force, corrosive ambient, and thermal change. The ability to model these effective parameters in the test method in the region close to the living body will have a great impact on the consistency of the test results. It may not always be possible to simulate the temperature environment in the human oral cavity region, because it has a continuously variable structure, such as hot coffee and ice cream. For this reason, determining the temperature values as an average in laboratory and finite element analysis method studies can make a great contribution to the stability of the results. The main sources of temperature stabilization in the mouth are the cheeks, tongue, and periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth, which act as a physical barrier that regulates the temperature distribution of the samples.[6] Food and liquids that people swallow during chewing can range from 0°C to 100°C, and the temperature range that an individual can tolerate can vary among different populations and can depend on variables such as the number of teeth, amount of dentin, degree of keratinization of the oral mucosa, and the sex of the patient in the human factory.[7] In addition, dental materials placed in the mouth are exposed to continuous and extreme changes in the oral environment due to temperature and pH fluctuations, where temperature cycling simulates the entry of hot and cold substances into the oral cavity and demonstrates the linear thermal expansion coefficient relationship between the tooth and the restorative material.[8] It has been reported in the literature that pH change in the oral environment is an effective parameter on the wear resistance of the composite material.[9] The effect of artificial aging of dental materials during thermal cycling can be twofold. This effect causes an improvement in the mechanical behavior of the material, primarily water absorption in composite materials. In the second stage, it can reduce wear by creating a lubricating effect during the wear mechanism. Therefore, it is inevitable for teeth and dental materials to be exposed to thermal stress when the temperature changes. This thermal stress can cause wear mechanisms to lose more material. In addition, this situation can create some problems in terms of material integrity and esthetics. As a result, researchers must take the thermal change effect into account in laboratory and finite element analysis methods and in vitro chewing test experimental designs. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

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