``What are the irreducible conditions that are sufficient to produce an outcome?'' is one of the most common questions that recur across computation and science. Its answers, the minimal sufficient witnesses, are what we mean by explanations, mechanisms and reasons. These problems usually ask for multiple minimal witne …
Multimodal GUI agents have achieved impressive results on general software benchmarks, yet their ability to operate professional scientific software remains largely unexplored. In materials science, sparse domain-specific web data, specialized interfaces, and tacit workflow conventions create blind spots that general-p …
Chemical reaction-condition optimization -- choosing the catalyst, ligand, solvent, reagent, temperature, time, and atmosphere that jointly maximize yield and stereoselectivity -- is a central, judgement-laden subtask of organic methodology research that large language models are increasingly expected to support. Yet e …