الملخص
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of the forty percent of tuberculosis patients who present with disseminated and/or extrapulmonary disease is in need of further study. Further study of such dissemination using published data from international indices may provide data which assist with control of tuberculosis. METHODS: For each clinical or epidemiologic factor studied, summary odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated showing associations between such factors and documented extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Eighteen studies fulfilled criteria for study of the clinical factors and nine for the cytokine studies. Significant factors associated with a greater risk of extrapulmonary dissemination were female gender (summary odds ratio, 1.92 (95% confidence intervals, 1.72-2.13), I-squared 86.9), age under 45 (1.37, 1.18-1.60, 63.7), and as well the absence of smoking, drinking and diabetes but not HIV infection (1.10, 0.91-1.32, 80.5). Among cytokines, the macrophage receptor protein P2X7 was associated most strongly associated with extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis (2.28, 0.88-5.90, 92.9). CONCLUSION: Young age, female gender, and the macrophage purinergic receptor protein P2X7 were major factors associated with extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis.
الكلمات المفتاحية
الموضوع
بيانات النشر
- المعرّف الرقمي
- 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003
- المجلة
- International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 3(1), 9-16
- الناشر
- Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
- وصول مفتوح
- وصول مفتوح ذهبي
- الترخيص
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
اقتبس هذه المقالة
APA 7
Webster, A. S., & Shandera, W. X. (2014). The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis. International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 3(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003
MLA 9
Webster, Andrew S, and Wayne Xavier Shandera. "The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis." International Journal of Mycobacteriology, vol. 3, no. 1, 2014, pp. 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003.
شيكاغو (المؤلف–التاريخ)
Webster, Andrew S, and Wayne Xavier Shandera. 2014. "The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 3 (1): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003.
هارفارد
Webster, A. S. and Shandera, W. X. (2014) 'The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis', International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 3(1), pp. 9-16. doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003.
فانكوفر
Webster AS, Shandera WX. The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis. International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 2014;3(1):9-16. doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003
IEEE
A. S. Webster, and W. X. Shandera, "The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis," International Journal of Mycobacteriology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-16, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003.