[
    {
        "id": "osp-18949",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "White paper: 1-10 Hz matter-wave interferometer to test the spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity",
        "author": [
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                "family": "Bose",
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            {
                "family": "Mazumdar",
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                "family": "Toroš",
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                "family": "Zhou",
                "given": "Tian"
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                "family": "Adach",
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                "family": "Afshordi",
                "given": "Niayesh"
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                "family": "Alam",
                "given": "Agya Sewara"
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                "family": "Arbey",
                "given": "Alexandre"
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                "family": "Arya",
                "given": "Navdeep"
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                "family": "Baier",
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            {
                "family": "Barker",
                "given": "Peter F."
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            {
                "family": "Bassi",
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            {
                "family": "Bernardi",
                "given": "Ettore"
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                "family": "Braccini",
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            {
                "family": "Brandenberger",
                "given": "Robert"
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            {
                "family": "Braun",
                "given": "Daniel"
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            {
                "family": "Buza",
                "given": "Guri K."
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            {
                "family": "Cacciapuoti",
                "given": "Luigi"
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            {
                "family": "Cepollaro",
                "given": "Carlo"
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            {
                "family": "Chen",
                "given": "Lin-Qing"
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            {
                "family": "Chen",
                "given": "Yanbei"
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            {
                "family": "Costales",
                "given": "Ralph Jason"
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            {
                "family": "Cromb",
                "given": "Marion"
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                "family": "Cruz-Dombriz",
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                "family": "De",
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                "family": "Dimastrogiovanni",
                "given": "Ema"
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                "family": "Diósi",
                "given": "Lajos"
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                "family": "Dobkowski",
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                "family": "Döner",
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                "family": "D'Urso",
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                "family": "Elahi",
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                "family": "Feldman",
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                "family": "Folman",
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                "family": "Jarema",
                "given": "Maciej T."
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                "family": "Morley",
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                "family": "Piacentini",
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            {
                "family": "Poddar",
                "given": "Tanmay Kumar"
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                "family": "Qvarfort",
                "given": "Sofia"
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            {
                "family": "Rademacher",
                "given": "Markus"
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            {
                "family": "Rätzel",
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                "family": "Rescigno",
                "given": "Anna Chiara"
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                "family": "Roura",
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                "family": "Sanders",
                "given": "Barry C."
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            {
                "family": "Schut",
                "given": "Martine"
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            {
                "family": "Sheehy",
                "given": "Helen M"
            },
            {
                "family": "Singh",
                "given": "Suprit"
            },
            {
                "family": "Sinha",
                "given": "Aninda"
            },
            {
                "family": "Sinha",
                "given": "Urbasi"
            },
            {
                "family": "Skakunenko",
                "given": "Peter"
            },
            {
                "family": "Tobar",
                "given": "Michael E"
            },
            {
                "family": "Tóth",
                "given": "Géza"
            },
            {
                "family": "Ulbricht",
                "given": "Hendrik"
            },
            {
                "family": "Varão",
                "given": "Gislaine"
            },
            {
                "family": "Vedral",
                "given": "Vlatko"
            },
            {
                "family": "Vennin",
                "given": "Vincent"
            },
            {
                "family": "Vidotto",
                "given": "Francesca"
            },
            {
                "family": "Vitale",
                "given": "Giuseppe Filiberto"
            },
            {
                "family": "Vojinović",
                "given": "Marko"
            },
            {
                "family": "Wei",
                "given": "Chenan"
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            {
                "family": "Xiang",
                "given": "Qian"
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            {
                "family": "Zych",
                "given": "Magdalena"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/white-paper-1-10-hz-matter-wave-interferometer-to-test-the-spin-entanglement-witness-for-quantum-gravity",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2026
                ]
            ]
        },
        "abstract": "In this white paper, we highlight the importance of the ($1-10~{\\rm Hz}$) frequency range for laboratory tests of the quantum nature of gravity using the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol. QGEM requires matter-wave interferometers with masses ($m\\sim10^{-15}-10^{-14}~{\\rm kg}$), brought within separations ($d\\sim30-50~μ{\\rm m}$), while maintaining spatial superpositions of ($1-20~μ{\\rm m}$) and coherence for ($τ\\sim 0.1 - 1~{\\rm s}$). These requirements make low-frequency environmental noise a central experimental challenge and place QGEM in a regime closely related to the low-frequency goals of the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, QGEM is sensitive to relative acceleration noise (RAN) and to gravity-gradient noise (GGN) generated by seismic and other environmental mass-density fluctuations. For representative parameters $m=10^{-14}~{\\rm kg}$, $Δx=10~μ{\\rm m}$, and $τ=1~{\\rm s}$, the differential acceleration-noise amplitude spectral density must be suppressed well below the $10^{-15}~{\\rm m\\,s^{-2}/\\sqrt{Hz}}$ level to keep acceleration-induced dephasing below the relevant experimental scale. Achieving this level of low-frequency noise suppression is therefore a key requirement for QGEM and closely parallels the seismic and gravity-gradient noise challenges that ET and CE address."
    }
]