[
    {
        "id": "osp-10332",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Secondary Infertility due to Fetal Bone Retention",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Agolli",
                "given": "Arjola"
            },
            {
                "family": "Lawrence",
                "given": "Jannel A."
            },
            {
                "family": "Maskey",
                "given": "Upasana"
            },
            {
                "family": "Loh",
                "given": "Hanyou"
            },
            {
                "family": "Parikh",
                "given": "Charmy"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/secondary-infertility-due-to-fetal-bone-retention",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2025
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal",
        "volume": "22",
        "issue": "4",
        "page": "448-454",
        "DOI": "10.18295/squmj.6.2022.042",
        "publisher": "Sultan Qaboos University",
        "ISSN": "2075-051X",
        "abstract": "Prolonged intrauterine retention of fetal bones during an abortion procedure can lead to secondary infertility. This review aimed to raise awareness among obstetric/gynaecologists about the possibility of this condition. A total of 17 case reports, seven case series and one retrospective study were included in this review, with 75 patients in total. Overall, 60% had a pregnancy termination in the second trimester, while 20% had a termination during the first trimester. Hysteroscopic resection was used to remove the intrauterine fetal bones in 69% of patients. In total, 59% of patients conceived following the procedure, 1% conceived despite the presence of intrauterine bones, 24% could not conceive at the time of the study and 16% had an unknown outcome. Transvaginal ultrasound was used for diagnosis in 41 (55%) patients, while pelvic ultrasound was used in 21 (28%) patients. In conclusion, secondary infertility is a common occurrence after a dilation and curettage procedure partially due to fetal bone retention. The gold standard for an accurate diagnosis and treatment is hysteroscopy."
    }
]