[
    {
        "id": "osp-10687",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Prevalence of Infectious Organisms Observed in Cervical Smears Between 1997–2014 at Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Al-Awadhi",
                "given": "Rana"
            },
            {
                "family": "Al-Shaheen",
                "given": "Azza"
            },
            {
                "family": "George",
                "given": "Ahlam"
            },
            {
                "family": "S.",
                "given": "Sara"
            },
            {
                "family": "Sharma",
                "given": "Prem"
            },
            {
                "family": "Kapila",
                "given": "Kusum"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/prevalence-of-infectious-organisms-observed-in-cervical-smears-between-1997-2014-at-mubarak-al-kabeer-hospital-kuwait",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2025
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal",
        "volume": "18",
        "issue": "3",
        "page": "e324-328",
        "DOI": "10.18295/squmj.2018.18.03.010",
        "publisher": "Sultan Qaboos University",
        "ISSN": "2075-051X",
        "abstract": "Objectives: This study aimed to examine gynaecological infectious agents observed in conventional and modified Papanicolaou cervical smears (CS) at a tertiary care hospital in Kuwait. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 121,443 satisfactory CS samples collected between 1997–2014 at the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait. Conventional CS samples were obtained between 1997–2005, while modified CS were obtained between 2006–2014 following the introduction of ThinPrep® testing (Hologic Corp., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA). All samples were initially screened by cytoscreeners before being analysed by cytopathologists to determine the presence of specific infectious agents. Results: Overall, 8,836 (7.28%) of the cervical samples had infectious agents; of these, 62.48% were conventional and 37.52% were modified CS samples. The most frequently observed infectious agents were Candida species (76.05%), Trichomonas vaginalis (9.72%), human papillomavirus (HPV; 9.3%), Actinomyces-like organisms (3.23%), Chlamydia trachomatis (1.27%) and the herpes simplex virus (HSV; 0.43%). There were significantly more cases of Candida species, HPV-associated changes, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and Actinomyces-like organisms detected in conventional compared to modified CS samples (P"
    }
]