[
    {
        "id": "osp-12539",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Prevalence of convergence insufficiency among secondary school students in Khartoum, Sudan",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Hassan",
                "given": "Layali Ibrahim"
            },
            {
                "family": "Ibrahim",
                "given": "Samira Mohamed"
            },
            {
                "family": "Abdu",
                "given": "Mustafa"
            },
            {
                "family": "MohamedSharif",
                "given": "Asma"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/prevalence-of-convergence-insufficiency-among-secondary-school-students-in-khartoum-sudan",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2018
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Oman Journal of Ophthalmology",
        "volume": "11",
        "issue": "2",
        "page": "129-133",
        "DOI": "10.4103/ojo.ojo_170_2017",
        "publisher": "Medknow Publications",
        "ISSN": "0974-620X",
        "abstract": "Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of convergence insufficiency (CI) in a school-based population in Sudan. This study sought to determine the prevalence of CI and its related clinical characteristics among Sudanese secondary school students.\n\nMaterials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in Central Khartoum North, Sudan, in the academic year 2013/2014. A total of 4211 secondary school students, with a mean age of 15.5 ± 2.5 years, underwent complete eye examination, and were screened for symptoms associated with near work. Near and distance heterophoria was measured with the alternate cover test using a prism bar; near point of convergence (NPC) and positive fusional vergence (PFV) at near were determined.\n\nResults: Of the 4211 students screened, 329 (7.8%) were diagnosed with CI. Of these, 173 (52.6%) students were male and 156 (47.4%) were female; there was no significant relationship between sex and CI (P > 0.05). Standard schools had a higher prevalence of CI (43%) than geographic schools (36%) and there was a significant association between CI and the type of school (P < 0.05). In most of the students (78.42%), CI was due to both remote NPC and decreased PFV; in 20.36% of the students, CI was due to remote NPC only, and in very few students (1.22%), it was due to decreased PFV only.\n\nConclusions: These findings suggest that CI is prevalent in the secondary school population in Central Khartoum North, Sudan."
    }
]