[
    {
        "id": "osp-13310",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Improvement in Fluid Loss Control and Viscosity of Water-based drilling Mud under High Temperature and Sodium Chloride Salt Conditions using Nanohydroxyapatite",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Oseh",
                "given": "Jeffrey Onuoma"
            },
            {
                "family": "Norddin",
                "given": "M. N. A. M."
            },
            {
                "family": "Ngouangna",
                "given": "Eugene Ngwana"
            },
            {
                "family": "Ismail",
                "given": "Issham"
            },
            {
                "family": "Gbadamosi",
                "given": "Afeez Olayinka"
            },
            {
                "family": "Agi",
                "given": "Augustine"
            },
            {
                "family": "Yahya",
                "given": "Muftahu N."
            },
            {
                "family": "Oguamah",
                "given": "Ifeanyi A."
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/improvement-in-fluid-loss-control-and-viscosity-of-water-based-drilling-mud-under-high-temperature-and-sodium-chloride-salt-conditions-using-nanohydro",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2025
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "The Journal of Engineering Research",
        "volume": "21",
        "issue": "1",
        "page": "33-45",
        "DOI": "10.53540/tjer.vol21iss1pp33-45",
        "publisher": "Sultan Qaboos University",
        "ISSN": "1726-6009",
        "abstract": "It is difficult to drill efficiently with bentonite (BN)-based mud (BN-WBM) or water-based muds (WBMs) in high-salt electrolytes and deep wells. This is because the fluid's rheological parameters and filtration properties change in undesirable ways, affecting the well's production efficiency. To fix this, a high-salt and high-temperature-resistant nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) additive was designed using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). 0.1 to 0.5 wt% nanoHAp was added to WBMs, and a salt-resistant BN-WBM with nanoHAp was formulated with 4.8 wt% BN, 5.0 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl), and 0.5 wt% nanoHAp. At 25, 150, 180, and 210° C, the filtration and rheological characteristics of the drilling muds were evaluated. The findings revealed that between 25 and 210° C, nanoHAp increased the viscosity of the WBM by 15–139% at a 1021 s-1 shear rate. It also controlled the fluid loss of the WBM from 12.1-44.6 mL to 6.7-21.8 mL at all temperatures. It serves as an anti-salt agent by decreasing the NaCl-contaminated BN's viscosity by 57% compared to the reference value of 20.8 mPa. s at a shear rate of 1021 s-1. Further, it reduced the fluid loss by 56.8%, from 169 mL to 73 mL at 210° C. The nanoHAp surface has anionic sulphate head groups of SDS that efficiently attach to the BN surface. This keeps the Na+ ions from attacking the plate-like structure of the BN. This study reveals that nanoHAp has the capacity to inhibit BN coalescence and flocculation under saturated Na+ solutions and at high temperatures."
    }
]