[
    {
        "id": "osp-12071",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Botulinum toxin augmented surgery versus conventional surgery in the management of large-angle concomitant esotropia: A randomized clinical trial",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Alattar",
                "given": "Sara"
            },
            {
                "family": "Saad",
                "given": "Mohamed Sayed"
            },
            {
                "family": "Rashed",
                "given": "Gamal El-Deen"
            },
            {
                "family": "Anwar",
                "given": "Mohamed"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/en/articles/botulinum-toxin-augmented-surgery-versus-conventional-surgery-in-the-management-of-large-angle-concomitant-esotropia-a-randomized-clinical-trial",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2024
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Oman Journal of Ophthalmology",
        "volume": "17",
        "issue": "1",
        "page": "84-90",
        "DOI": "10.4103/ojo.ojo_106_23",
        "publisher": "Medknow Publications",
        "ISSN": "0974-620X",
        "abstract": "Background: The surgical management of large-angle concomitant esotropia is challenging with high reoperation rates. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative botulinum toxin A (BTA) augmentation compared to surgery alone in large angle concomitant esotropia.\n\nMaterials and methods: This is a prospective randomized interventional study. Patients with large angle concomitant esotropia (≥55 prism diopter [PD]) were randomly allocated to either surgery only (Group I) or BTA augmented surgery (Group II). The surgical effect in PD/mm was calculated and compared between the study groups at all follow up intervals. Treatment was considered successful if the patients had orthotropia ± 10 PD at their final examinations.\n\nResults: A total of 23 patients were included in the study, 11 in Group I and 12 in group II. The surgical effect was significantly greater in Group II compared to Group I at all follow up durations. The 1-year surgical effect was 32.5% greater in Group II compared to Group I (5.99 ± 0.69 vs. 4.52 ± 0.91 PD/mm, respectively, P = 0.001). The success rate was greater for Group II compared to Group I (75% vs. 63.64%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.901).\n\nConclusion: Botulinum toxin augmented surgery is a good alternative to surgery alone in the treatment of large angle concomitant esotropia. BTA injection exerts a significant augmentation effect on medial rectus muscle recessions."
    }
]