[
    {
        "id": "osp-12560",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Ocular nonsuicidal self-injury in a teenager",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Comacchio",
                "given": "Francesco"
            },
            {
                "family": "Ricca",
                "given": "M"
            },
            {
                "family": "Martini",
                "given": "G"
            },
            {
                "family": "Cecchin",
                "given": "V"
            },
            {
                "family": "Zannin",
                "given": "Maria Elisabetta"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/ar/articles/ocular-nonsuicidal-self-injury-in-a-teenager",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2018
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Oman Journal of Ophthalmology",
        "volume": "11",
        "issue": "1",
        "page": "55-57",
        "DOI": "10.4103/ojo.ojo_209_2016",
        "publisher": "Medknow Publications",
        "ISSN": "0974-620X",
        "abstract": "A 14-year-old male teen presented with unilateral episcleritis, unresponsive to topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy, without a history of ocular trauma or evidence for systemic diseases. The presence of foreign bodies in the conjunctival mucus of the hyperemic fornix has been noticed during one of the follow-up examinations. The toxicological analysis of conjunctival mucus revealed the presence of ethylene glycolmonomethyl ether and triethilene glicolebuthyl ether, used as solvents in nail polish removers and all-purpose cleaners. An unexpected etiology of chemical self-inflicted episcleritis was determined. The teen was admitted to a psychological assessment, after which a psychotherapeutic treatment was recommended. Episcleritis is characterized by the acute onset of ocular pain and redness, with a frequent recurrent and stressful course. Since it can be associated with life-threatening systemic vasculitides, a prompt, aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may be considered, both for the ocular inflammation and for the underlying systemic condition. Rarely episcleritis does not improve despite topical and systemic therapy, administered in a stepladder way. The reported teenager case needed a complex multidisciplinary approach to achieve the correct diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary treatments. In the case of recognized \"nonsuicidal self-injury,\" a psychological evaluation is strongly recommended, to identify and address underlying neuropsychiatric problems."
    }
]