[
    {
        "id": "osp-11846",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "Comparison of refractive examination results in children with and without cycloplegia using retinoscopy and autorefractors",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Mayasari",
                "given": "Delvi Indera"
            },
            {
                "family": "Rimayanti",
                "given": "Ulfah"
            },
            {
                "family": "Rahmah",
                "given": "Marlyanti Nur"
            },
            {
                "family": "Syawal",
                "given": "Purnamanita"
            }
        ],
        "URL": "https://omanscience.com/ar/articles/comparison-of-refractive-examination-results-in-children-with-and-without-cycloplegia-using-retinoscopy-and-autorefractors",
        "language": "en",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2026
                ]
            ]
        },
        "container-title": "Oman Journal of Ophthalmology",
        "volume": "19",
        "issue": "2",
        "page": "232-238",
        "DOI": "10.4103/ojo.ojo_100_25",
        "publisher": "Medknow Publications",
        "ISSN": "0974-620X",
        "abstract": "Context: Uncorrected refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment and global blindness.\n\nAims: This study aims to assess the accuracy of refractive error measurements using streak retinoscopy and autorefraction, both with and without administering cycloplegics, in children aged 4-10 years.\n\nSettings and design: This study is an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design.\n\nSubjects and methods: This study was conducted at an eye clinic from January 2020 to August 2020, with 90 subjects. The examination utilized 1% cyclopentolate cycloplegia administered twice within 1 h, along with retinoscopy and autorefractors.\n\nStatistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.\n\nResults: The study results indicate that (1) there was no significant difference in the mean spherical equivalent (SE) before cycloplegia between the two instruments (P = 0.630); (2) a significant difference in mean SE after cycloplegia was observed for both instruments (P < 0.001); (3) significant differences in mean SE after cycloplegia were noted for both instruments in cases of compound myopic astigmatism (P < 0.001), compound hyperopic astigmatism (P = 0.007), and mixed astigmatism (P = 0.001); and (4) examination of all subjects showed undercorrection of autorefractometry results compared to those of retinoscopy.\n\nConclusions: Retinoscopy and autorefractors yield different results for refractive error correction after cycloplegia. Therefore, autorefractor examination with cycloplegia cannot be considered a substitute for retinoscopy with cycloplegia."
    }
]